This post will turn to two outside sources to illustrate an insurance of faith. That is, how do I know I am on the right path, first as a Christian, and secondly as a Catholic?
CHRISTIANITY
We have the Bible of course, but how can we be sure this Bible which was not put together until 382 AD at the Council of Rome is true?
Never mind it was bishops of the Catholic Church, how does any Christian believe that the Bible is true?
This is of course is a HUGE question for those who have no authority but the Bible, i.e. protestants who adhere to the principle of Sola Scriptura (despite it being the authority they reject who said it was so that it was these scriptures which were the Word of God).
With modern scholarship on the attack to prove Christianity wrong, or flawed, or what have you, it is very important to have some substance on the upper side of one's neck.
Well, Thank You, Dr. Peter Williams. Dr. Peter Williams of Oxford University puts together as good a case.
If you do not wish to watch the whole video, let's boil it down for you. Dr. Peter Williams answers several arguments against the accounts that say the Gospels are eyewitness accounts.
Most of these arguments come from the fact that the gospels were written in Asia Minor-Aegean Sea areas and were written in Greek, not Aramaic, therefore, strong evidence against it being persons of 1rst century Judea as the Apostles were.
Well, Dr. Peter Williams presents resounding facts and figures which illustrate that the Gospels were written in great detail, that is, in great familiarity with the names of the region.
Other scriptures, the now famous other gospels and some found in the Dead Sea scrolls, do not provide these details.
As in, the name John, the writers of the Gospel knew to distinguish such a common name of the region. Other names not all that common were not distinguished, they simply said their name.
I am from New Orleans, a writer who knows much about New Orleans can write about Mardi Gras from afar.
They can say, at Mardi Gras there is a parade, and this parade can have a theme, and this parade is held annually the Saturday before Fat Tuesday, and this parade runs from this intersection to that one every year.
Well, anyone could write about Mardi Gras, and give accurate information on it, but only an eyewitness would say more, as in more personal details, as in:
We went to the Saturday parade in Mardi Gras season with a friend Jacque-Imo, and we sang the Jacque-Imo song from 7th street all the way to Lee's circle.
See, I added a little local flavor, I added more specifics to a story and to a place by saying something a bit more about the people and place. This substantiates my story as I can speak more freely about small details and be consistent in what I am saying about the area, as any local would be.
This is what the video presents, and very well!
CATHOLIC TRADITION
Another insurance of faith is a look at the writings of Polycarp.
Polycarp was of the second generation of Christians, that is, not eye-witnesses but are the ones who knew the Apostles and the direct followers of the Apostles.
So this guy actually spoke to John or one of the Apostles, and heard the story of Jesus not written in a book, but from the eyewitnesses themselves!
If I was a Christian, I would want to read what they say!
I think of Dr. Peter Kreeft of Boston College. Dr. Kreeft was once a protestant, and he went to school, and the professor was telling them that the Catholics say they were the only Church for 1500 years and that protestantism didn't start until then. What do we tell the Catholics then? How do we answer the Catholics?
The professors answer was:
'' The Catholics say they are as a tree. Jesus planted the seed, and the Church grew large and grew branches, the Apostles are the trunk, Jesus the seed, and Truth its roots. We say, that tree got sick, and we found the remedy-''
Kreeft then tells, he rose his hand and asked, ''Are you saying, if I travel back in time to the early church, I would feel more at home and recognize more things than a Catholic?''
The professor answered positively, and Kreeft says that he was joyed when he heard this, that means he could research that question by himself by reading the early fathers.
I agree with his insight, if we read the early fathers, the one's who knew the apostles outside of their writings, who would fit in would show you which church is the real church.
Iranaeus' writings could be more insuring, but Polycarp knew the Apostles, so please read what is there, especially see in this letter his mentioning of the presbyters and calls to the point that the presbyters held an 'office' (Polycarp 11: 1) which puts to shame any argument that the Church was not well organized from the beginnings.
Polycarp also mimics St. Paul (and the Catholic Church) in Polycarp 1 : 3 in saying '' by grace ye are saved, not of works, but by the will of God through Jesus Christ''
but continues:
...Polycarp 2 : 1 whose blood God
will require of them that are disobedient unto Him.
Polycarp 2:2
Now He that raised Him from the dead will raise us also; if we
do His will and walk in His commandments and love the things which He
loved, abstaining from all unrighteousness, covetousness, love of
money, evil speaking, false witness;
Illustrating the Church stands right in faith and works (obedience to the commandments), and Luther in fault in thinking faith alone.
Polycarp 5: 3 He promised us to raise us from the dead, and that if we conduct ourselves worthily of Him we shall also reign with Him, if indeed we have faith.
Polycarp 6:1
And the presbyters also must be compassionate, merciful towards all
men, turning back the sheep that are gone astray
Polycarp 12:3
Pray for all the saints.
THE EPISTLE OF POLYCARP
Translated by J.B. Lightfoot.
Polycarp prologue:1
Polycarp and the presbyters that are with him unto the Church of God
which sojourneth at Philippi; mercy unto you and peace from God
Almighty and Jesus Christ our Savior be multiplied.
Polycarp 1:1
I rejoiced with you greatly in our Lord Jesus Christ, for that ye
received the followers of the true Love and escorted them on their
way, as befitted you--those men encircled in saintly bonds which are
the diadems of them that be truly chosen of God and our Lord;
Polycarp 1:2
and that the steadfast root of your faith which was famed from
primitive times abideth until now and beareth fruit unto our Lord
Jesus Christ, who endured to face even death for our sins, whom God
raised, having loosed the pangs of Hades; on whom,
Polycarp 1:3
though ye saw Him not, ye believe with joy unutterable and full of
glory; unto which joy many desire to enter in; forasmuch as ye know
that it is by grace ye are saved, not of works, but by the will of
God through Jesus Christ.
Polycarp 2:1
Wherefore gird up your loins and serve God in fear and truth,
forsaking the vain and empty talking and the error of the many, for
that ye have believed on Him that raised our Lord Jesus Christ from
the dead and gave unto him glory and a throne on His right hand;
unto whom all things were made subject that are in heaven and that
are on the earth; to whom every creature that hath breath doeth
service; who cometh as judge of quick and dead; whose blood God
will require of them that are disobedient unto Him.
Polycarp 2:2
Now He that raised Him from the dead will raise us also; if we
do His will and walk in His commandments and love the things which He
loved, abstaining from all unrighteousness, covetousness, love of
money, evil speaking, false witness; not rendering evil for evil or
railing for railing or blow for blow or cursing for cursing;
Polycarp 2:3
but remembering the words which the Lord spake, as He taught; Judge
not that ye be not judged. Forgive, and it shall be forgiven to
you. Have mercy that ye may receive mercy. With what measure ye
mete, it shall be measured to you again; and again Blessed are
the poor and they that are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for
theirs is the kingdom of God.
Polycarp 3:1
These things, brethren, I write unto you concerning righteousness,
not because I laid this charge upon myself, but because ye invited
me.
Polycarp 3:2
For neither am I, nor is any other like unto me, able to follow the
wisdom of the blessed and glorious Paul, who when he came among you
taught face to face with the men of that day the word which
concerneth truth carefully and surely; who also, when he was absent,
wrote a letter unto you, into the which if ye look diligently, ye
shall be able to be builded up unto the faith given to you,
Polycarp 3:3
which is the mother of us all, while hope followeth after and love
goeth before--love toward God and Christ and toward our neighbor. For
if any man be occupied with these, he hath fulfilled the commandment
of righteousness; for he that hath love is far from all sin.
Polycarp 4:1
But the love of money is the beginning of all troubles. Knowing
therefore that we brought nothing into the world neither can we
carry anything out, let us arm ourselves with the armor of
righteousness, and let us teach ourselves first to walk in the
commandment of the Lord;
Polycarp 4:2
and then our wives also, to walk in the faith that hath been given
unto them and in love and purity, cherishing their own husbands in
all truth and loving all men equally in all chastity, and to train
their children in the training of the fear of God.
Polycarp 4:3
Our widows must be sober-minded as touching the faith of the Lord,
making intercession without ceasing for all men, abstaining from all
calumny, evil speaking, false witness, love of money, and every evil
thing, knowing that they are God's altar, and that all sacrifices are
carefully inspected, and nothing escapeth Him either of their
thoughts or intents or any of the secret things of the heart.
Polycarp 5:1
Knowing then that God is not mocked, we ought to walk worthily of
His commandment and His glory.
Polycarp 5:2
In like manner deacons should be blameless in the presence of His
righteousness, as deacons of God and Christ and not of men; not
calumniators, not double-tongued, not lovers of money, temperate in
all things, compassionate, diligent, walking according to the truth
of the Lord who became a minister (deacon) of all. For if we be
well pleasing unto Him in this present world, we shall receive the
future world also, according as He promised us to raise us from the
dead, and that if we conduct ourselves worthily of Him we shall
also reign with Him, if indeed we have faith.
Polycarp 5:3
In like manner also the younger men must be blameless in all things,
caring for purity before everything and curbing themselves from every
evil. For it is a good thing to refrain from lusts in the world, for
every lust warreth against the Spirit, and neither whoremongers
nor effeminate persons nor defilers of themselves with men shall
inherit the kingdom of God, neither they that do untoward things.
Wherefore it is right to abstain from all these things, submitting
yourselves to the presbyters and deacons as to God and Christ. The
virgins must walk in a blameless and pure conscience.
Polycarp 6:1
And the presbyters also must be compassionate, merciful towards all
men, turning back the sheep that are gone astray, visiting all the
infirm, not neglecting a widow or an orphan or a poor man: but
providing always for that which is honorable in the sight of God
and of men, abstaining from all anger, respect of persons,
unrighteous judgment, being far from all love of money, not quick to
believe anything against any man, not hasty in judgment, knowing that
we all are debtors of sin.
Polycarp 6:2
If then we entreat the Lord that He would forgive us, we also ought
to forgive: for we are before the eyes of our Lord and God, and we
must all stand at the judgment-seat of Christ, and each man must
give an account of himself.
Polycarp 6:3
Let us therefore so serve Him with fear and all reverence, as He
himself gave commandment and the Apostles who preached the Gospel to
us and the prophets who proclaimed beforehand the coming of our Lord;
being zealous as touching that which is good, abstaining from
offenses and from the false brethren and from them that bear the name
of the Lord in hypocrisy, who lead foolish men astray.
Polycarp 7:1
For every one who shall not confess that Jesus Christ is come in
the flesh, is antichrist: and whosoever shall not confess the
testimony of the Cross, is of the devil; and whosoever shall pervert
the oracles of the Lord to his own lusts and say that there is
neither resurrection nor judgment, that man is the firstborn of
Satan.
Polycarp 7:2
Wherefore let us forsake the vain doing of the many and their false
teachings, and turn unto the word which was delivered unto us from
the beginning, being sober unto prayer and constant in fastings,
entreating the all-seeing God with supplications that He bring us
not into temptation, according as the Lord said, The Spirit is
indeed willing, but the flesh is weak.
Polycarp 8:1
Let us therefore without ceasing hold fast by our hope and by the
earnest of our righteousness, which is Jesus Christ who took up our
sins in His own body upon the tree, who did no sin, neither was
guile found in His mouth, but for our sakes He endured all things,
that we might live in Him.
Polycarp 8:2
Let us therefore become imitators of His endurance; and if we should
suffer for His name's sake, let us glorify Him. For He gave this
example to us in His own person, and we believed this.
Polycarp 9:1
I exhort you all therefore to be obedient unto the word of
righteousness and to practice all endurance, which also ye saw with
your own eyes in the blessed Ignatius and Zosimus and Rufus, yea and
in others also who came from among yourselves, as well as in Paul
himself and the rest of the Apostles;
Polycarp 9:2
being persuaded that all these ran not in vain but in faith and
righteousness, and that they are in their due place in the presence
of the Lord, with whom also they suffered. For they loved not the
present world, but Him that died for our sakes and was raised by
God for us.
Polycarp 10:1
Stand fast therefore in these things and follow the example of the
Lord, being firm in the faith and immovable, in love of the
brotherhood kindly affectioned one to another, partners with the
truth, forestalling one another in the gentleness of the Lord,
despising no man.
Polycarp 10:2
When ye are able to do good, defer it not, for Pitifulness
delivereth from death. Be ye all subject one to another, having
your conversation unblamable among the gentiles, that your good
works both ye may receive praise and the Lord may not be
blasphemed in you.
Polycarp 10:3
But woe to him through whom the name of the Lord be blasphemed.
Therefore teach all men soberness, in which ye yourselves also walk.
Polycarp 11:1
I was exceedingly grieved for Valens, who aforetime was a presbyter
among you, because he is so ignorant of the office which was given
unto him. I warn you therefore that ye refrain from covetousness, and
that ye be pure and truthful. Refrain from all evil.
Polycarp 11:2
But he who cannot govern himself in these things, how doth he enjoin
this upon another? If a man refrain not from covetousness, he shall
be defiled by idolatry, and shall be judged as one of the Gentiles
who know not the judgment of the Lord, Nay, know we not, that the
saints shall judge the world, as Paul teacheth?
Polycarp 11:3
But I have not found any such thing in you, neither have heard
thereof, among whom the blessed Paul labored, who were his
letters in the beginning. For he boasteth of you in all those
churches which alone at that time knew God; for we knew Him not as
yet.
Polycarp 11:4
Therefore I am exceedingly grieved for him and for his wife, unto
whom may the Lord grant true repentance. Be ye therefore yourselves
also sober herein, and hold not such as enemies but restore them
as frail and erring members, that ye may save the whole body of you.
For so doing, ye do edify one another.
Polycarp 12:1
For I am persuaded that ye are well trained in the sacred writings,
and nothing is hidden from you. But to myself this is not granted.
Only, as it is said in these scriptures, Be ye angry and sin not,
and Let not the sun set on your wrath. Blessed is he that
remembereth this; and I trust that this is in you.
Polycarp 12:2
Now may the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the eternal
High-priest Himself the [Son of God Jesus Christ, build you up in
faith and truth, and in all gentleness and in all avoidance of wrath
and in forbearance and long suffering and in patient endurance and in
purity; and may He grant unto you a lot and portion among His saints,
and to us with you, and to all that are under heaven, who shall
believe on our Lord and God Jesus Christ and on His Father that
raised him from the dead.
Polycarp 12:3
Pray for all the saints. Pray also for kings and powers and
princes and for them that persecute and hate you and for the
enemies of the cross, that your fruit may be manifest among all
men, that ye may be perfect in Him.
Polycarp 13:1
Ye wrote to me, both ye yourselves and Ignatius, asking that if any
one should go to Syria he might carry thither the letters from you.
And this I will do, if I get a fit opportunity, either I myself, or
he whom I shall send to be ambassador on your behalf also.
Polycarp 13:2
The letters of Ignatius which were sent to us by him, and others as
many as we had by us, we send unto you, according as ye gave charge;
the which are subjoined to this letter; from which ye will be able to
gain great advantage. For they comprise faith and endurance and every
kind of edification, which pertaineth unto our Lord. Moreover
concerning Ignatius himself and those that were with him, if ye have
any sure tidings, certify us.
Polycarp 14:1
I write these things to you by Crescens, whom I commended to you
recently and now commend unto you: for he hath walked blamelessly
with us; and I believe also with you in like manner. But ye shall
have his sister commended, when she shall come to you. Fare ye well
in the Lord Jesus Christ in grace, ye and all yours. Amen.
Want more? Try finding writings of St. Clement of Rome and Ignatiusof Antioch, Irenaeus. I have a link to Irenaeus
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